অধ্যায় – ১৩ : Voice (Active Voice আৰু Passive Voice)
১. Voice কি? (সংজ্ঞা)
Voice হৈছে Verb ৰ সেই ৰূপ যি বাক্যত কৰ্তা (Subject) আৰু কৰ্ম (Object) ৰ মাজৰ সম্পৰ্ক প্ৰকাশ কৰে।
👉 সহজকৈ —
Voice = কামটো কোনে কৰিছে আৰু কাৰ ওপৰত হৈছে — তাৰ প্ৰকাশ
উদাহৰণ
-
Ram wrote a letter. → Ram কাম কৰিছে → Active
-
A letter was written by Ram. → Letter ৰ ওপৰত কাম হৈছে → Passive
২. Voice ৰ প্ৰকাৰ
Voice দুটা —
-
Active Voice (কৰ্তৃবাচ্য)
-
Passive Voice (কর্মবাচ্য)
৩. Active Voice (কৰ্তৃবাচ্য)
যেতিয়া Subject এ নিজে কাম কৰে, তেতিয়া Active Voice হয়।
Structure
👉 Subject + Verb + Object
উদাহৰণ
-
Ram eats mango.
-
She writes a letter.
-
They play football.
👉 Assamese অৰ্থঃ কৰ্তাই কাম কৰিছে
৪. Passive Voice (কর্মবাচ্য)
যেতিয়া Object ৰ ওপৰত কামটো কৰা হয়, তেতিয়া Passive Voice হয়।
Structure
👉 Object + be verb + V₃ + by + Subject
উদাহৰণ
-
Mango is eaten by Ram.
-
A letter is written by her.
-
Football is played by them.
👉 Assamese অৰ্থঃ কৰ্মৰ ওপৰত কাম হৈছে
৫. Active → Passive পৰিবর্তনৰ ধাপ
Step 1: Object ক Subject বনাওক
Step 2: Tense অনুসাৰে be verb ব্যৱহাৰ কৰক
Step 3: Main verb → V₃ কৰক
Step 4: by + Subject যোগ কৰক
উদাহৰণ
👉 Active: Ram wrote a letter.
Step 1 → A letter
Step 2 → was
Step 3 → written
Step 4 → by Ram
✔ Passive: A letter was written by Ram.
৬. Tense অনুসাৰে Passive Voice
(a) Present Indefinite
👉 am/is/are + V₃
Active: She writes a letter.
Passive: A letter is written by her.
(b) Present Continuous
👉 am/is/are being + V₃
Active: She is writing a letter.
Passive: A letter is being written by her.
(c) Present Perfect
👉 has/have been + V₃
Active: She has written a letter.
Passive: A letter has been written by her.
(d) Past Indefinite
👉 was/were + V₃
Active: She wrote a letter.
Passive: A letter was written by her.
(e) Past Continuous
👉 was/were being + V₃
Active: She was writing a letter.
Passive: A letter was being written by her.
(f) Past Perfect
👉 had been + V₃
Active: She had written a letter.
Passive: A letter had been written by her.
(g) Future Indefinite
👉 will be + V₃
Active: She will write a letter.
Passive: A letter will be written by her.
৭. Pronoun পৰিবর্তন (Subject → Object form)
| Subject | Object |
|---|---|
| I | me |
| we | us |
| he | him |
| she | her |
| they | them |
| you | you |
| it | it |
👉 Passive ত by ৰ পাছত Object form ব্যৱহাৰ হয়।
৮. Passive Voice ব্যৱহাৰৰ ক্ষেত্ৰ
-
কৰ্তা অজ্ঞাত হলে
👉 My bag was stolen. -
কৰ্তা গুৰুত্বপূর্ণ নহ’লে
👉 The road was repaired. -
কৰ্ম গুৰুত্বপূর্ণ হলে
👉 The Taj Mahal was built long ago.
৯. Passive Voice নোহোৱা ক্ষেত্ৰ
Intransitive verb (Object নাথাকে) → Passive নহয়।
👉 come, go, sleep, die
❌ He sleeps. → Passive নাই
❌ She came. → Passive নাই
১০. Imperative Sentence ৰ Passive
👉 Let + Object + be + V₃
Active: Open the door.
Passive: Let the door be opened.
Active: Do the work.
Passive: Let the work be done.
১১. Question Sentence ৰ Passive
Active: Who wrote the letter?
Passive: By whom was the letter written?
Active: Did she complete work?
Passive: Was the work completed by her?
১২. সাধাৰণ ভুলসমূহ
❌ A letter written by Ram.
✔ A letter was written by Ram.
❌ Mango eaten by Ram.
✔ Mango is eaten by Ram.
❌ by he
✔ by him
১৩. অধিক উদাহৰণ
-
She sings a song. → A song is sung by her.
-
They built a house. → A house was built by them.
-
He will finish work. → Work will be finished by him.
-
I have done the task. → The task has been done by me.
১৪. অনুশীলনী (Exercise)
A. Active → Passive কৰক
-
Ram eats rice.
-
She wrote a letter.
-
They will play cricket.
-
I have completed work.
B. Passive → Active কৰক
-
The work was done by Ram.
-
A letter is written by her.
-
The game was played by them.
C. Tense অনুসাৰে Passive কৰক
-
She is cooking food.
-
He had finished work.
-
They will complete the project.
D. Assamese → English (Passive)
-
চিঠিখন ৰামে লিখিছিল।
-
কামটো তাই সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰিছে।
-
ঘৰটো তেওঁলোকে সাজিছিল।
১৫. সংক্ষিপ্ত পুনৰালোচনা (Summary)
-
Voice কৰ্তা আৰু কৰ্মৰ সম্পৰ্ক প্ৰকাশ কৰে।
-
Active → কৰ্তা কাম কৰে।
-
Passive → কৰ্মৰ ওপৰত কাম হয়।
-
Passive ত be verb + V₃ ব্যৱহাৰ হয়।
-
Intransitive verb ৰ Passive নাই।
No comments:
Post a Comment