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Gyaan Kunja Tuition Centre English Grammar: অধ্যায় – ১৪ : Narration (Direct Speech আৰু Indirect Speech)

 

অধ্যায় – ১৪ : Narration (Direct Speech আৰু Indirect Speech)

১. Narration কি? (সংজ্ঞা)

Narration হৈছে আন এজন ব্যক্তিৰ কোৱা কথা পুনৰ কোৱাৰ পদ্ধতি।

👉 সহজকৈ —
Narration = কোৱা কথা পুনৰ প্ৰকাশ কৰা প্ৰণালী

উদাহৰণ

  • Ram said, “I am happy.” → Direct

  • Ram said that he was happy. → Indirect

২. Narration ৰ প্ৰকাৰ

Narration দুটা —

  1. Direct Speech (সরাসৰি উক্তি)

  2. Indirect Speech (পৰোক্ষ উক্তি)

৩. Direct Speech (সরাসৰি উক্তি)

যেতিয়া কোৱা কথাখিনি ঠিক সেইদৰে quotation (“ ”) ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি লিখা হয়।

Structure

👉 Reporting verb + comma + “Quoted speech”

উদাহৰণ

  • She said, “I am tired.”

  • Ram said, “I will go.”

  • He said, “Open the door.”

👉 quotation mark ব্যৱহাৰ হয়।

৪. Indirect Speech (পৰোক্ষ উক্তি)

যেতিয়া কোৱা কথাখিনি quotation নোহোৱাকৈ বৰ্ণনা কৰা হয়।

Structure

👉 Reporting verb + conjunction + reported speech

উদাহৰণ

  • She said that she was tired.

  • Ram said that he would go.

৫. Narration ৰ অংশ

  1. Reporting verb → said, told, asked

  2. Reported speech → quotation ভিতৰৰ অংশ

👉 Ram said, “I am happy.”
→ Ram said = Reporting verb
→ I am happy = Reported speech

৬. Direct → Indirect পৰিবর্তনৰ নিয়ম

Rule 1: Reporting verb পৰিবর্তন

DirectIndirect
saidsaid that
said totold
said to (question)asked
said to (order)ordered

Rule 2: Pronoun পৰিবর্তন

👉 Speaker অনুসাৰে pronoun সলনি হয়।

Direct: Ram said, “I am happy.”
Indirect: Ram said that he was happy.

Rule 3: Tense পৰিবর্তন

যদি Reporting verb past ত থাকে, tense backshift হয়।

DirectIndirect
PresentPast
PastPast perfect
willwould
cancould

উদাহৰণ

  • I am happy → I was happy

  • I wrote → I had written

  • I will go → I would go

Rule 4: Time আৰু Place শব্দ পৰিবর্তন

DirectIndirect
nowthen
todaythat day
tomorrowthe next day
yesterdaythe previous day
herethere

৭. Assertive Sentence Narration

👉 conjunction = that

Direct: He said, “I am tired.”
Indirect: He said that he was tired.

৮. Interrogative Sentence Narration

(a) Yes/No question

👉 if / whether

Direct: He said, “Are you happy?”
Indirect: He asked if I was happy.

(b) Wh question

👉 wh-word বজাই থাকে

Direct: He said, “Where are you going?”
Indirect: He asked where I was going.

৯. Imperative Sentence Narration

👉 to / not to + verb

Direct: He said, “Open the door.”
Indirect: He told me to open the door.

Direct: He said, “Do not go.”
Indirect: He told me not to go.

১০. Exclamatory Sentence Narration

👉 exclaimed with joy/sorrow/surprise

Direct: He said, “Hurrah! We won.”
Indirect: He exclaimed with joy that they had won.

Direct: He said, “Alas! He is dead.”
Indirect: He exclaimed with sorrow that he was dead.

১১. Optative Sentence Narration

👉 wished / prayed

Direct: He said, “May you live long.”
Indirect: He wished that I might live long.

১২. Question form → Statement form

Indirect ত question mark নাথাকে।

Direct: He said, “Where are you going?”
Indirect: He asked where I was going.

১৩. সাধাৰণ ভুলসমূহ

❌ He said that I am happy.
✔ He said that he was happy.

❌ He asked that I was happy.
✔ He asked if I was happy.

❌ He told that he was tired.
✔ He said that he was tired.

১৪. অধিক উদাহৰণ

  1. She said, “I will help you.”
    → She said that she would help me.

  2. He said, “Do your work.”
    → He told me to do my work.

  3. She said, “What are you doing?”
    → She asked what I was doing.

  4. He said, “Wow! This is beautiful.”
    → He exclaimed with surprise that it was beautiful.

১৫. অনুশীলনী (Exercise)

A. Direct → Indirect কৰক

  1. Ram said, “I am happy.”

  2. She said, “I will go.”

  3. He said, “Open the window.”

  4. She said, “Where do you live?”

B. Indirect → Direct কৰক

  1. He said that he was tired.

  2. She told me to sit down.

  3. He asked where I lived.

C. Pronoun পৰিবর্তন কৰক

  1. He said, “I am busy.”

  2. She said, “We are happy.”

D. Assamese → English (Indirect)

  1. ৰামে ক’লে যে সি সুখী।

  2. তাই মোক কাম কৰিবলৈ ক’লে।

  3. সি মোক সুধিলে মই ক’ত যাওঁ।

১৬. সংক্ষিপ্ত পুনৰালোচনা (Summary)

  • Narration হৈছে কোৱা কথা পুনৰ কোৱা প্ৰণালী।

  • দুটা প্ৰকাৰ — Direct আৰু Indirect।

  • Pronoun, Tense, Time word পৰিবর্তন গুৰুত্বপূর্ণ।

  • বাক্যৰ ধৰণ অনুসাৰে conjunction সলনি হয়।

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