Chapter–22 : Synthesis of Sentences (বাক্য সংযোজন)
ইংৰাজী ব্যাকৰণত Synthesis of Sentences বুলিলে দুটা বা ততোধিক বাক্য একেলগ কৰি এটা বাক্যত ৰূপান্তৰ কৰা বুজায়। ইয়াত অৰ্থ বজাই ৰাখি বাক্যৰ সংখ্যা কমোৱা হয়।
👉 Transformation = এক বাক্য → আন ৰূপ
👉 Synthesis = বহু বাক্য → এক বাক্য
22.1 Synthesis কি ?
Definition:
দুটা বা ততোধিক বাক্যক একেলগ কৰি এটা বাক্য গঠন কৰাৰ প্ৰক্রিয়াক Synthesis বোলে।
Examples
✔ He is poor. He is honest.
→ He is poor but honest.
✔ He finished work. He went home.
→ After finishing work, he went home.
✔ He was ill. He did not attend class.
→ Being ill, he did not attend class.
22.2 Objectives of Synthesis
✔ বাক্য সংক্ষিপ্ত কৰা
✔ পুনৰাবৃত্তি এৰোৱা
✔ লিখনি উন্নত কৰা
✔ Exam writing দক্ষতা বৃদ্ধি
22.3 Types of Synthesis
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By using participle
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By using conjunction
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By using preposition
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By using infinitive
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By using relative clause
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By using noun phrase
22.4 Synthesis by Using Participle
Participle ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি clause কমোৱা হয়।
Examples
✔ He saw the tiger. He ran away.
→ Seeing the tiger, he ran away.
✔ He finished homework. He played.
→ Finishing homework, he played.
✔ He was tired. He slept.
→ Being tired, he slept.
👉 Same subject থাকিলে participle ব্যৱহাৰ
22.5 Synthesis by Using Conjunction
Conjunction ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি বাক্য সংযোজন কৰা হয়।
Examples
✔ He is poor. He is happy.
→ He is poor but happy.
✔ Work hard. You will succeed.
→ Work hard and you will succeed.
✔ Hurry up. You will miss bus.
→ Hurry up or you will miss bus.
22.6 Synthesis by Using Preposition
Examples
✔ He was poor. He was happy.
→ In spite of poverty, he was happy.
✔ He worked hard. He succeeded.
→ Because of hard work, he succeeded.
✔ He did not come. He was ill.
→ He did not come owing to illness.
22.7 Synthesis by Using Infinitive
Examples
✔ He went to market. He wanted to buy fruits.
→ He went to market to buy fruits.
✔ She studies hard. She wants to pass.
→ She studies hard to pass.
✔ He opened the door. He wanted to see outside.
→ He opened the door to see outside.
22.8 Synthesis by Using Relative Clause
Examples
✔ I saw a boy. He was crying.
→ I saw a boy who was crying.
✔ This is the house. It belongs to Ram.
→ This is the house which belongs to Ram.
✔ I met a girl. She lives here.
→ I met a girl who lives here.
22.9 Synthesis by Using Noun Phrase
Examples
✔ He admitted that he was guilty.
→ He admitted his guilt.
✔ He decided that he would leave.
→ He decided to leave.
✔ He was afraid that he would fail.
→ He was afraid of failure.
22.10 Synthesis by Using Apposition
Examples
✔ Gandhi was a great leader. He is the Father of the Nation.
→ Gandhi, the Father of the Nation, was a great leader.
✔ Nehru was the first PM. He loved children.
→ Nehru, the first PM, loved children.
22.11 Exam Strategy
✔ Common subject চিনাক্ত কৰক
✔ Logical connector নিৰ্বাচন কৰক
✔ Clause → phrase conversion চিন্তা কৰক
✔ Tense consistency ৰাখিব
✔ Meaning change নহ’ব
22.12 Frequent Exam Patterns
✔ Participial phrase formation
✔ Infinitive purpose expression
✔ Relative clause joining
✔ Preposition-based synthesis
✔ Apposition formation
Exercise Section
A. বাক্য সংযোজন কৰক
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He saw a snake. He ran away.
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She was tired. She went to sleep.
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He went to market. He wanted to buy vegetables.
B. Conjunction ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি সংযোজন কৰক
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He is poor. He is honest.
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Study hard. You will fail.
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He tried. He did not succeed.
C. Relative clause ব্যৱহাৰ কৰক
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I know a boy. He is very intelligent.
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This is the book. It is lost.
D. Preposition ব্যৱহাৰ কৰক
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He was ill. He did not come.
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He worked hard. He succeeded.
22.13 Chapter Summary
✔ Synthesis = বহু বাক্য → এক বাক্য
✔ Participle = same subject reduction
✔ Conjunction = logical linking
✔ Infinitive = purpose expression
✔ Relative clause = noun description
✔ Preposition = cause/contrast expression
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