Chapter–21 : Transformation of Sentences (বাক্য ৰূপান্তৰ)
ইংৰাজী ব্যাকৰণত Transformation of Sentences বুলিলে একে অৰ্থ বজাই ৰাখি বাক্যৰ গঠন বা ৰূপ সলনি কৰা বুজায়। পৰীক্ষাত এই অধ্যায়ৰ গুৰুত্ব অত্যন্ত বেছি।
21.1 Transformation কি ?
Definition:
অৰ্থ একে ৰাখি বাক্যৰ গঠন বা প্ৰকাৰ সলনি কৰা প্রক্রিয়াক Transformation বোলে।
👉 Example
✔ He is too weak to walk.
✔ He is so weak that he cannot walk.
দুয়োটা বাক্যৰ অৰ্থ একে।
21.2 Types of Transformation
-
Assertive ↔ Interrogative
-
Affirmative ↔ Negative
-
Exclamatory ↔ Assertive
-
Simple ↔ Complex ↔ Compound
-
Degree of Comparison
-
Too…to ↔ So…that
-
Active ↔ Passive
-
Direct ↔ Indirect
21.3 Assertive to Interrogative
Assertive = statement
Interrogative = question
Rule
✔ Auxiliary front
✔ Question word ব্যৱহাৰ
✔ Negative question সম্ভৱ
Examples
✔ You are happy.
→ Are you happy?
✔ He can swim.
→ Can he swim?
✔ She is not ready.
→ Is she not ready?
21.4 Interrogative to Assertive
Examples
✔ Is he not honest?
→ He is honest.
✔ Can anyone deny it?
→ No one can deny it.
✔ Who does not know him?
→ Everyone knows him.
21.5 Affirmative to Negative
Methods
-
Opposite word
-
Without
-
Never
-
Few/Little substitution
Examples
✔ He is honest.
→ He is not dishonest.
✔ All students came.
→ No student remained absent.
✔ Always punctual.
→ Never late.
21.6 Negative to Affirmative
✔ He is not unhappy.
→ He is happy.
✔ No man is immortal.
→ All men are mortal.
✔ Nothing is impossible.
→ Everything is possible.
21.7 Exclamatory to Assertive
Rule
✔ Remove What/How
✔ Use very/great
✔ Statement form
Examples
✔ What a beautiful flower!
→ It is a very beautiful flower.
✔ How clever he is!
→ He is very clever.
✔ What a pity!
→ It is a great pity.
21.8 Assertive to Exclamatory
✔ It is a very beautiful scene.
→ What a beautiful scene!
✔ She is very smart.
→ How smart she is!
21.9 Simple → Complex
Simple = one clause
Complex = main + subordinate clause
Examples
✔ Seeing the tiger, he ran.
→ When he saw the tiger, he ran.
✔ Being ill, he stayed home.
→ As he was ill, he stayed home.
✔ In spite of poverty, he is happy.
→ Though he is poor, he is happy.
21.10 Complex → Simple
✔ When he finished work, he went home.
→ After finishing work, he went home.
✔ As he was tired, he slept.
→ Being tired, he slept.
21.11 Simple ↔ Compound
Compound = two main clauses
✔ He worked hard and succeeded.
→ He worked hard. Therefore he succeeded.
✔ Study hard or you will fail.
→ If you do not study hard, you will fail.
21.12 Degree of Comparison Transformation
Positive → Comparative
✔ No other boy is as tall as Ravi.
→ Ravi is taller than any other boy.
Comparative → Superlative
✔ Ravi is taller than any other boy.
→ Ravi is the tallest boy.
Superlative → Positive
✔ He is the best player.
→ No other player is as good as he.
21.13 Too…to ↔ So…that
✔ He is too weak to walk.
→ He is so weak that he cannot walk.
✔ She is too young to marry.
→ She is so young that she cannot marry.
21.14 Active ↔ Passive Transformation
✔ Ram wrote a letter.
→ A letter was written by Ram.
✔ She sings a song.
→ A song is sung by her.
21.15 Direct ↔ Indirect Transformation
✔ He said, “I am tired.”
→ He said that he was tired.
✔ She said, “Open the door.”
→ She told me to open the door.
21.16 Exam Strategy
✔ First meaning বুজিব
✔ Transformation type চিনাক্ত কৰিব
✔ Tense মিলাই ৰাখিব
✔ Subject–verb agreement ঠিক ৰাখিব
✔ Extra word নলগাব
Exercise Section
A. Transformation কৰক
-
He is very strong. (Exclamatory)
-
Seeing the snake, he ran. (Complex)
-
No one can solve this. (Interrogative)
-
He is too poor to help. (So…that)
B. Degree change কৰক
-
He is the tallest boy. (Positive)
-
No other river is as long as Nile. (Comparative)
C. Simple ↔ Complex
-
Being tired, he slept.
-
When he arrived, we started.
21.17 Chapter Summary
✔ Transformation = form change but meaning same
✔ Assertive–Interrogative frequent
✔ Affirmative–Negative exam-important
✔ Simple–Complex–Compound logical understanding লাগে
✔ Degree transformation high-frequency
✔ Too…to ↔ So…that standard pattern
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