Gyaan Kunja Tuition Centre English Grammar: Chapter 5 Verb (ক্রিয়া)

 

📘 Chapter 5

Verb (ক্রিয়া)

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5.1 ভূমিকা (Introduction)

যিকোনো বাক্য সম্পূৰ্ণ হ’বলৈ Verb অতি প্ৰয়োজনীয়। Verb নাথাকিলে বাক্যত কাম, অৱস্থা বা ঘটনা প্ৰকাশ নহয়। সেইবাবে Verb ক বাক্যৰ “হৃদয়” বুলি কোৱা হয়।

অসমীয়া ভাষাত “ক্রিয়া” একেই কাম কৰে। যেনে—

মই পঢ়ো।
সি দৌৰে।

এই “পঢ়ো”, “দৌৰে” শব্দসমূহেই Verb।

এই অধ্যায়ত আমি শিকিম—

• Verb ৰ সংজ্ঞা

• Verb ৰ প্ৰকাৰসমূহ

• Main verb আৰু Auxiliary verb

• Transitive আৰু Intransitive verb

• Finite আৰু Non-finite verb

• Assamese learner difficulties

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5.2 Verb ৰ সংজ্ঞা (Definition)

Definition:
যি শব্দে কাম, অৱস্থা বা ঘটনা প্ৰকাশ কৰে তাক Verb বোলা হয়।

👉 সহজকৈ—
Verb = কাম বুজোৱা শব্দ।

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5.3 Verb ৰ উদাহৰণ

কাম (Action)

• Run

• Write

• Eat

• Play

অৱস্থা (State)

• Am

• Is

• Are

• Know

• Believe

ঘটনা (Occurrence)

• Happen

• Fall

• Break

👉 Ram runs.
👉 She is happy.

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5.4 Verb ৰ প্ৰকাৰসমূহ

Verb কেইবাটাও ধৰণৰ—

1. Main Verb

2. Auxiliary Verb

3. Transitive Verb

4. Intransitive Verb

5. Finite Verb

6. Non-finite Verb

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5.5 Main Verb (মূল ক্রিয়া)

Definition

যি Verb বাক্যৰ মূল অৰ্থ প্ৰকাশ কৰে।

👉 Examples

• Ram plays.

• She writes.

• They eat.

plays, writes, eat → Main verbs

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5.6 Auxiliary Verb (সহায়ক ক্রিয়া)

Definition

Main verb ক সহায় কৰা Verb।

তালিকা

• Am, is, are

• Was, were

• Have, has, had

• Do, does, did

• Will, shall

👉 She is reading.
👉 They have finished.

is, have → Auxiliary verbs

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5.7 Modal Auxiliary Verb

ক্ষমতা, অনুমতি, সম্ভাৱনা বুজায়।

• Can

• Could

• May

• Might

• Must

• Should

• Will

• Would

👉 I can swim.
👉 You must work hard.

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5.8 Transitive Verb (কর্মবাচক ক্রিয়া)

Definition

যি Verb ৰ পিছত Object লাগে।

👉 Example
She reads a book.
reads → Transitive
book → Object

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5.9 Intransitive Verb (অকর্মবাচক ক্রিয়া)

Definition

যি Verb ৰ Object নাথাকে।

👉 Example
The baby sleeps.
sleeps → Intransitive

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5.10 Finite Verb

Definition

Subject আৰু tense অনুসৰি ৰূপ পৰিবৰ্তন হোৱা Verb।

👉 Examples
He runs.
They run.

runs/run → Finite

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5.11 Non-finite Verb

Subject বা tense অনুসৰি ৰূপ নাপৰিবৰ্তন হোৱা Verb।

প্ৰকাৰ—

Infinitive

To + verb
👉 To play

Gerund

Verb + ing (noun দৰে)
👉 Swimming is good.

Participle

👉 Playing boy

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5.12 Verb Forms (V1, V2, V3)

V1	V2	V3
Go	Went	Gone
Eat	Ate	Eaten
Write	Wrote	Written

এইবোৰ tense গঠনত ব্যৱহাৰ হয়।

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5.13 Verb Agreement (Subject-Verb Agreement)

Subject আৰু Verb মিলিব লাগে।

Singular

He runs.

Plural

They run.

👉 Rule
Singular subject → s/es
Plural → base form

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5.14 Assamese Learner Common Mistakes

❌ He go to school.

✔ He goes to school.

❌ She have a book.

✔ She has a book.

❌ I am go.

✔ I go.

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5.15 Linking Verb

Subject ৰ অবস্থা বা পৰিচয় বুজায়।

• Am

• Is

• Are

• Become

• Seem

👉 She is happy.
👉 He became a doctor.

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5.16 Dynamic vs Stative Verb

Dynamic

Action → run, eat, play

Stative

State → know, like, love

👉 I know him. (not knowing)

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5.17 Phrasal Verb (প্ৰাথমিক ধাৰণা)

Verb + preposition/adverb

• Look after

• Give up

• Turn on

👉 She looks after me.

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5.18 অধ্যায়ৰ সারাংশ

এই অধ্যায়ত আমি শিকিলোঁ—

• Verb ৰ সংজ্ঞা

• Main আৰু Auxiliary verb

• Modal verbs

• Transitive আৰু Intransitive

• Finite আৰু Non-finite

• Verb forms

• Subject-Verb agreement

• Linking verbs

• Phrasal verbs

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5.19 অনুশীলনী

A. Verb চিনাক্ত কৰা

1. Ram plays football.

2. She is singing.

3. The boy sleeps.

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B. Transitive বা Intransitive লিখা

1. She eats rice.

2. The baby cries.

3. He opened the door.

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C. Auxiliary লিখা

1. She is reading.

2. They have gone.

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D. সঠিক ৰূপ বাছা

1. He (go/goes) to school.

2. They (plays/play) cricket.

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E. Infinitive লিখা

1. ___ swim

2. ___ read

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