Chapter–23 : Paragraph Writing (অনুচ্ছেদ লিখন)
ইংৰাজী ভাষা শিক্ষাত Paragraph Writing অত্যন্ত গুৰুত্বপূর্ণ দক্ষতা। এটি ছাত্রছাত্ৰীৰ চিন্তা সংগঠিত কৰা, ধাৰাবাহিকভাবে লিখা আৰু স্পষ্টভাবে মত প্ৰকাশ কৰাৰ ক্ষমতা উন্নত কৰে।
23.1 Paragraph কি ?
Definition:
এটা নির্দিষ্ট বিষয়ৰ ওপৰত সংগঠিত আৰু সংযুক্ত বাক্যসমূহৰ সমষ্টিক Paragraph বোলে।
👉 Paragraph = One main idea + supporting sentences
Example (Small Paragraph)
My school is very beautiful. It has a large playground. The teachers are kind and helpful. I love my school very much.
23.2 Characteristics of a Good Paragraph
(1) Unity (একমাত্ৰতা)
✔ সকলো বাক্য একে বিষয়ৰ সৈতে জড়িত থাকিব লাগে
(2) Coherence (ধাৰাবাহিকতা)
✔ ভাবৰ ধাৰাবাহিকতা থাকিব লাগে
(3) Order (সুশৃঙ্খলতা)
✔ ভাব logical ক্রমত থাকিব লাগে
(4) Completeness (সম্পূর্ণতা)
✔ বিষয় সম্পূর্ণ ব্যাখ্যা থাকিব লাগে
23.3 Structure of a Paragraph
(1) Topic Sentence
Paragraph ৰ মূল ভাব প্ৰকাশ কৰে
👉 Example
Education is very important for everyone.
(2) Supporting Sentences
Topic sentence ব্যাখ্যা কৰে
👉 It helps us gain knowledge. It develops our personality. It opens job opportunities.
(3) Concluding Sentence
Paragraph শেষ কৰি মূল ভাব পুনৰ উল্লেখ কৰে
👉 Therefore, education is essential for a successful life.
23.4 Types of Paragraph
(1) Descriptive Paragraph
বৰ্ণনা কৰে
👉 My classroom, My village
(2) Narrative Paragraph
ঘটনা বৰ্ণনা কৰে
👉 A picnic, A journey
(3) Expository Paragraph
তথ্য ব্যাখ্যা কৰে
👉 Importance of trees
(4) Argumentative Paragraph
মতামত আৰু যুক্তি প্ৰকাশ কৰে
👉 Online education advantages
23.5 Steps for Writing a Paragraph
Step–1 : Topic বাছনি কৰক
✔ সহজ আৰু পৰিচিত বিষয়
Step–2 : Ideas চিন্তা কৰক
✔ Brainstorming
Step–3 : Outline তৈয়াৰ কৰক
✔ Main idea + points
Step–4 : Write first draft
✔ Grammar চিন্তা নকৰাকৈ লিখা
Step–5 : Edit
✔ Grammar, spelling, coherence
23.6 Linking Words for Paragraph
✔ First, Secondly, Finally
✔ Moreover, Besides
✔ However, But
✔ Therefore, Thus
✔ For example
👉 Linking words = coherence বৃদ্ধি
23.7 Model Paragraphs
(1) My School
My school is one of the best schools in my area. It has a big building and a large playground. The teachers are very helpful and friendly. Many cultural programmes are held every year. I am proud of my school.
(2) Importance of Trees
Trees are very important for human life. They give us oxygen and food. They help to control pollution and maintain ecological balance. Trees also provide shelter to animals and birds. Therefore, we should plant more trees.
(3) A Rainy Day
A rainy day is very pleasant. The sky becomes cloudy and cool wind blows. Children enjoy playing in rainwater. Farmers become happy as rain helps crops grow. A rainy day brings joy to everyone.
23.8 Common Mistakes in Paragraph Writing
❌ Topic mixing
❌ No logical order
❌ Repetition
❌ Grammar errors
❌ No conclusion
23.9 Exam Strategy
✔ Simple sentence ব্যৱহাৰ কৰক
✔ 80–120 words বজাই ৰাখিব
✔ Topic sentence আৰম্ভণিত
✔ Linking words ব্যৱহাৰ কৰক
✔ Conclusion যোগ কৰক
Exercise Section
A. Paragraph লিখা
-
My Best Friend
-
A Visit to a Park
-
Importance of Cleanliness
B. Outline অনুসৰি Paragraph লিখা
Topic : My Village
Points : location, beauty, people, festivals
C. Topic sentence লিখা
-
Mobile phone
-
Morning walk
-
Internet
23.10 Chapter Summary
✔ Paragraph = one main idea
✔ Topic sentence অত্যন্ত গুৰুত্বপূর্ণ
✔ Supporting sentences explanation কৰে
✔ Linking words coherence বৃদ্ধি কৰে
✔ Conclusion paragraph সম্পূর্ণ কৰে
✔ Practice = skill development
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