Chapter–25 : Essay Writing (প্ৰবন্ধ লিখন)
ইংৰাজী ভাষা শিক্ষাত Essay Writing এটা উচ্চস্তৰৰ লিখন দক্ষতা। ইয়াৰ জৰিয়তে শিক্ষাৰ্থীয়ে কোনো বিষয়ৰ ওপৰত বিস্তৃতভাবে নিজৰ চিন্তা, তথ্য আৰু মতামত সংগঠিত কৰি প্ৰকাশ কৰে।
25.1 Essay কি ?
Definition:
এটা নির্দিষ্ট বিষয়ৰ ওপৰত সংগঠিত, বিস্তৃত আৰু ধাৰাবাহিকভাবে লিখা গদ্যাংশক Essay বোলে।
👉 Essay = Introduction + Body + Conclusion
25.2 Objectives of Essay Writing
✔ চিন্তা সংগঠিত কৰা
✔ যুক্তি প্ৰকাশ কৰা
✔ ভাষাগত দক্ষতা উন্নয়ন
✔ সৃজনশীলতা বৃদ্ধি
✔ পৰীক্ষাত নম্বৰ বৃদ্ধি
25.3 Characteristics of a Good Essay
(1) Unity (একমাত্ৰতা)
✔ সকলো অংশ একে বিষয়ৰ সৈতে জড়িত
(2) Coherence (ধাৰাবাহিকতা)
✔ ভাবৰ logical flow
(3) Clarity (স্পষ্টতা)
✔ সহজ আৰু বোধগম্য ভাষা
(4) Originality (নতুনত্ব)
✔ নিজা চিন্তা
(5) Correctness (সঠিকতা)
✔ Grammar আৰু spelling ঠিক
25.4 Structure of an Essay
(1) Introduction (ভূমিকা)
✔ বিষয় পৰিচয়
✔ পাঠকৰ আগ্ৰহ সৃষ্টি
✔ Essay ৰ tone স্থাপন
👉 Example (Importance of Education)
Education plays a vital role in human life. It helps in the overall development of a person and society.
(2) Body (মূল অংশ)
✔ মূল আলোচনা
✔ বিভিন্ন দিশ
✔ উদাহৰণ
✔ যুক্তি
👉 Education gives knowledge. It develops character. It creates employment opportunities.
(3) Conclusion (উপসংহার)
✔ Summary
✔ Opinion
✔ Suggestion
👉 Therefore, education is the key to success and national development.
25.5 Types of Essay
(1) Descriptive Essay
বৰ্ণনা
👉 My School, A Village Fair
(2) Narrative Essay
ঘটনা
👉 A Picnic, A Journey
(3) Expository Essay
তথ্য ব্যাখ্যা
👉 Pollution, Importance of Trees
(4) Argumentative Essay
মতামত
👉 Online Education Pros and Cons
25.6 Steps of Essay Writing
Step–1 : Topic বুজা
✔ Topic analysis
Step–2 : Brainstorming
✔ Ideas চিন্তা
Step–3 : Outline তৈয়াৰ
✔ Points arrangement
Step–4 : Draft writing
✔ Write freely
Step–5 : Editing
✔ Grammar, coherence
25.7 Essay Outline Example
Topic : Importance of Trees
✔ Introduction
✔ Benefits of trees
✔ Environmental role
✔ Economic role
✔ Conclusion
25.8 Model Essays
(1) Importance of Trees
Trees are essential for life on earth. They provide oxygen, food and shelter. Trees help in controlling pollution and maintaining ecological balance. They also prevent soil erosion and provide raw materials. Therefore, planting trees is necessary for a healthy environment.
(2) My Best Friend
A good friend is a valuable gift in life. My best friend is Rahul. He is honest, helpful and hardworking. We study and play together. He always helps me in difficult situations. I am proud to have such a friend.
(3) A Rainy Day
A rainy day is very pleasant. The sky becomes cloudy and cool wind blows. Children enjoy playing in the rain. Farmers feel happy as rain helps crops grow. A rainy day brings joy to everyone.
25.9 Linking Words for Essay
✔ Firstly, Secondly, Finally
✔ Moreover, Besides
✔ However, But
✔ Therefore, Thus
✔ In conclusion
25.10 Common Mistakes
❌ No paragraph division
❌ Repetition
❌ Grammar errors
❌ Weak introduction
❌ Abrupt ending
25.11 Exam Strategy
✔ 200–300 words বজাই ৰাখিব
✔ Introduction আকর্ষণীয়
✔ Body logical
✔ Conclusion strong
✔ Simple language ব্যৱহাৰ
Exercise Section
A. Essay লিখা
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Importance of Education
-
Mobile Phone
-
A Visit to a Zoo
B. Outline অনুসৰি Essay লিখা
Topic : Pollution
Points : types, causes, effects, prevention
C. Introduction লিখা
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Internet
-
Sports
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Discipline
25.12 Chapter Summary
✔ Essay = structured extended writing
✔ Introduction–Body–Conclusion essential
✔ Outline planning অত্যন্ত গুৰুত্বপূর্ণ
✔ Linking words coherence বৃদ্ধি কৰে
✔ Practice = improvement
✔ Simple language exam-friendly
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