Gyaan Kunja Tuition Centre English Grammar: অধ্যায় – ১৬ : Determiners (নির্ধাৰক শব্দ)

 

অধ্যায় – ১৬ : Determiners (নির্ধাৰক শব্দ)

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১. Determiner কি? (সংজ্ঞা)

Determiner হৈছে সেই শব্দ যি Noun ৰ আগত বহি সেই Noun টোৰ পৰিমাণ, সংখ্যা, অধিকাৰ, নিৰ্দিষ্টতা আদি প্ৰকাশ কৰে।

👉 সহজকৈ —
Determiner = Noun ৰ আগত বহি সেই Noun সম্পৰ্কে অধিক তথ্য দিয়া শব্দ

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উদাহৰণ

• my book

• some water

• many students

• this pen

👉 my, some, many, this → Determiner

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২. Determiner ৰ প্ৰকাৰ

Determiner কেইবাটাও ভাগত বিভক্ত —

1. Articles

2. Demonstratives

3. Possessives

4. Quantifiers

5. Numbers

6. Distributives

7. Interrogatives

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৩. Articles (A, An, The)

এইটো আগতে শিকিছোঁ।

👉 a boy
👉 an apple
👉 the sun

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৪. Demonstrative Determiners

Noun টো ক’ত বা কোনটো — সেয়া বুজায়।

Types

Singular	Plural
this	these
that	those

উদাহৰণ

• this book

• that house

• these students

• those flowers

👉 this/these = ওচৰত
👉 that/those = দূৰত

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৫. Possessive Determiners

অধিকাৰ প্ৰকাশ কৰে।

Types

my, our, your, his, her, its, their

উদাহৰণ

• my book

• her pen

• their house

• our school

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৬. Quantifiers

পৰিমাণ প্ৰকাশ কৰে।

Common quantifiers

some, any, much, many, few, little, several, enough

উদাহৰণ

• some water

• many students

• few books

• little milk

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Countable vs Uncountable

Countable	Uncountable
many	much
few	little

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৭. Numbers (Numeral Determiners)

Cardinal

one, two, three

👉 three boys

Ordinal

first, second, third

👉 first prize

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৮. Distributive Determiners

একোটা একোটা কৰি বুজায়।

Types

each, every, either, neither

উদাহৰণ

• each student

• every boy

• either road

• neither answer

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৯. Interrogative Determiners

প্ৰশ্ন কৰিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ হয়।

Types

what, which, whose

উদাহৰণ

• which book

• what subject

• whose pen

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১০. Some vs Any

👉 Some → positive sentence
👉 Any → negative / question

উদাহৰণ

• I have some money.

• I do not have any money.

• Do you have any pen?

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১১. Few vs Little

👉 Few → countable
👉 Little → uncountable

উদাহৰণ

• few students

• little water

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১২. Much vs Many

👉 Much → uncountable
👉 Many → countable

উদাহৰণ

• much milk

• many books

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১৩. সাধাৰণ ভুলসমূহ

❌ many water
✔ much water

❌ much books
✔ many books

❌ each students
✔ each student

❌ every boys
✔ every boy

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১৪. অধিক উদাহৰণ

1. My father is a teacher.

2. These flowers are beautiful.

3. Many students came.

4. Each boy got a prize.

5. Which book do you want?

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১৫. অনুশীলনী (Exercise)

A. Determiner চিনাক্ত কৰক

1. My book is new.

2. Many students came.

3. This house is big.

4. Some water is needed.

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B. সঠিক Determiner ব্যৱহাৰ কৰক

1. ___ students came. (many/much)

2. ___ water is there? (how many/how much)

3. ___ book is yours? (which/whose)

4. ___ boy passed. (each/every)

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C. ভুল শুধৰাওক

1. much books

2. many milk

3. each students

4. every boys

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D. Assamese → English

1. মোৰ কিতাপটো নতুন।

2. বহু ছাত্ৰ আহিছিল।

3. এই ঘৰটো ডাঙৰ।

4. প্ৰতিজন ছাত্ৰে পুৰস্কাৰ পাইছিল।

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১৬. সংক্ষিপ্ত পুনৰালোচনা (Summary)

• Determiner Noun ৰ আগত বহে।

• Noun সম্পৰ্কে পৰিমাণ, সংখ্যা, অধিকাৰ আদি প্ৰকাশ কৰে।

• Demonstrative, Possessive, Quantifier আদি Determiner ৰ ভাগ।

• Countable / Uncountable পাৰ্থক্য গুৰুত্বপূর্ণ।