Gyaan Kunja Tuition Centre English Grammar: অধ্যায় – ১৭ : Modals (Modal Auxiliary Verbs)

 

অধ্যায় – ১৭ : Modals (Modal Auxiliary Verbs)

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১. Modals কি? (সংজ্ঞা)

Modals হৈছে Auxiliary verb ৰ এটা বিশেষ গোট যি মূল Verb ৰ আগত বহি সামৰ্থ্য, অনুমতি, বাধ্যবাধকতা, সম্ভাৱনা, পৰামৰ্শ আদি প্ৰকাশ কৰে।

👉 সহজকৈ —
Modal = Verb ৰ আগত বহি মনোভাব বা অবস্থা প্ৰকাশ কৰা সহায়ক Verb

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উদাহৰণ

• I can swim.

• You must study.

• She may come.

👉 can, must, may → Modal

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২. সাধাৰণ Modals তালিকা

can, could, may, might, must, have to, should, ought to, will, would, shall

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৩. Modals ৰ বৈশিষ্ট্য

1. Modal ৰ পাছত verb ৰ base form ব্যৱহাৰ হয়
   👉 He can swim. (not swims)

2. Modal ৰ third person singular form নাথাকে
   👉 She can sing. (not cans)

3. Modal ৰ পাছত “to” নাথাকে (except ought to, have to)

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৪. Can

ব্যৱহাৰ

(a) Ability (সামৰ্থ্য)

👉 I can swim.
👉 She can sing.

(b) Permission

👉 You can go now.

(c) Possibility

👉 It can rain today.

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৫. Could

ব্যৱহাৰ

(a) Past ability

👉 I could swim.

(b) Polite request

👉 Could you help me?

(c) Possibility

👉 It could rain.

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৬. May

ব্যৱহাৰ

(a) Permission

👉 May I come in?

(b) Possibility

👉 She may come.

(c) Wish

👉 May you succeed.

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৭. Might

👉 Weak possibility

উদাহৰণ

• He might come.

• It might rain.

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৮. Must

ব্যৱহাৰ

(a) Obligation

👉 You must obey rules.

(b) Strong necessity

👉 I must study.

(c) Strong belief

👉 He must be tired.

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৯. Have to

👉 বাধ্যবাধকতা (external)

উদাহৰণ

• I have to work.

• She has to go.

👉 Must = personal obligation
👉 Have to = external obligation

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১০. Should

👉 Advice, duty

উদাহৰণ

• You should study.

• We should help poor.

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১১. Ought to

👉 Moral duty

উদাহৰণ

• You ought to respect parents.

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১২. Will

ব্যৱহাৰ

(a) Future

👉 I will go.

(b) Promise

👉 I will help you.

(c) Decision

👉 I will do it.

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১৩. Would

ব্যৱহাৰ

(a) Polite request

👉 Would you help me?

(b) Past habit

👉 He would play.

(c) Preference

👉 I would like tea.

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১৪. Shall

ব্যৱহাৰ

(a) Suggestion

👉 Shall we go?

(b) Future (formal)

👉 I shall return.

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১৫. Negative form

👉 Modal + not

• cannot

• may not

• should not

• will not

উদাহৰণ

• You should not smoke.

• He cannot swim.

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১৬. Question form

👉 Modal + Subject

• Can you swim?

• May I come?

• Should I go?

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১৭. সাধাৰণ ভুলসমূহ

❌ He can swims
✔ He can swim

❌ She must to go
✔ She must go

❌ He should goes
✔ He should go

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১৮. অধিক উদাহৰণ

1. I can drive.

2. You should work hard.

3. She may arrive.

4. We must follow rules.

5. Would you like tea?

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১৯. অনুশীলনী (Exercise)

A. সঠিক Modal ব্যৱহাৰ কৰক

1. I ___ swim. (can/must)

2. You ___ respect elders. (should/may)

3. ___ I come in? (may/can)

4. He ___ be tired. (must/might)

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B. Negative কৰক

1. You should smoke.

2. He can drive.

3. She will go.

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C. Question কৰক

1. You can swim.

2. She will help.

3. He should study.

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D. Assamese → English

1. মই সাঁতুৰিব পাৰোঁ।

2. তুমি পঢ়া উচিত।

3. মই ভিতৰত সোমাব পাৰোঁনে?

4. সি আহিব পাৰে।

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২০. সংক্ষিপ্ত পুনৰালোচনা (Summary)

• Modals Auxiliary verb ৰ বিশেষ গোট।

• সামৰ্থ্য, অনুমতি, বাধ্যবাধকতা, পৰামৰ্শ প্ৰকাশ কৰে।

• Modal ৰ পাছত base verb ব্যৱহাৰ হয়।

• Negative → modal + not

• Question → modal আগত

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